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ABSTRACT Objective:To explore effect of calcium citrate on bone integration in a rabbit femur defect model, and to compare the bone formation with different sizes by radiological and histological study. Methods:Twenty-four male Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups (GroupA, B, C) in this study. Under anesthesia, defects of four sizes (1.2, 1.5, 2.0 and2.5 mm) were created in each of the rabbits. Commercially pure calcium citrate powder was placed inside the medullary compartment of the femur (Experimental), while in the contralateral femur (Control) nothing was implanted. The defects were analyzed using radiography and histological analysis by using Imagepro-Plus6.0 software after animal was sacrificed at 4th(GroupA), 6th(GroupB) and8th(GroupC) weeks postoperatively. Four samples were analyzed for each size of defect and each healing period.Results:The histological and the radiologic evaluation were performed after sacrification of all rabbits on postoperative4th and6th weeks, It showed significant difference between the experimental group and the control group when these defects were less than or equal to2.0 mm. No statistical difference was observed when these defects were larger than2.0 mm at all healing periods except at the4th week.Conclusions: Calcium citrate affects the early periods of bone defects healing mechanism in Japanese white rabbits positively, especially when the defect is not too large. We suggest further studies on calcium citrate to determine the effects of various dosages, administration ways and the experimental time on the bone defects.