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美国匹兹堡大学医学中心研究人员已研制一种合成粘蛋白多肽癌症疫苗。当人体健康时,粘蛋白常见于乳腺、直肠和胰腺组织中。粘蛋白仅在这些组织的管腔中含量很高,通常与免疫系统几无接触。当这些器官发生癌症时,粘蛋白即与免疫系统接触,并脱糖基化,不再被糖分子遮盖。 推测癌细胞中的变异和异常分子(如粘蛋白)应能引起强烈的免疫应答,然而观察到的情形并非如此。几乎所有癌细胞都是弱抗原提呈细胞(APC),不能与辅助性T细胞作用。尤其是乳腺、直肠和胰腺癌细胞缺乏触发T细胞所必需的共同刺激途径。所以,尽管大多数癌细胞携带特有的外源性表面抗原,但仍能逃脱免疫系统。研究人
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center have developed a cancer vaccine that synthesizes mucin peptides. Mucins are most commonly found in the breast, rectum and pancreas when they are healthy. Mucins are found only in the lumen of these tissues in very high amounts, often with few contacts with the immune system. When cancer develops in these organs, mucins come into contact with the immune system and are deglycosylated and are no longer covered by sugar molecules. It is speculated that mutations in cancer cells and abnormal molecules (such as mucin) should evoke a strong immune response, but this is not the case. Almost all cancer cells are weak antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that can not interact with helper T cells. In particular, breast, rectal and pancreatic cancer cells lack the co-stimulatory pathway necessary to trigger T cells. So, while most cancer cells carry unique exogenous surface antigens, they escape the immune system. Researcher