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10年前,国务院50号文件在对长江航运体制进行改革的指导思想是:“航运体制必须坚持政企分开;必须打破行政区划,达到干支畅通、货畅其流:企业的经营,实行多家经营;鼓励各种形式的联合,鼓励多家建港口;按经济规律办事。”实践证明,这个指导思想现在看来也完全适用于今天的改革模式选择。 港口应该实行政企分开。对此,反对的人不会很多。但如何实现政企分开,港政的内涵应该包括哪些方面?港口界颇有争论,本文不打算涉及。仅打算探讨“港企”如何操作的问题。 有一种观点认为港口企业应该打破垄断,为此要组建若干个港务公司,各自以独立法人地位走向航运市场,以体现公平竞争。对于这种观点,即防止垄断,笔者认为用意是好的,但实际上难以实现、这是由于港口的现实状况决定的。 以南京港为例,南京港现有8个装卸公司的现状如下:一公司在下关,能停靠2000吨以下驳船,主要负担南京市的工业、民用物资进出口。二公司在浦口,也是2000吨以下的靠泊能力,主要负担通过津浦铁路的水陆中转物资。三公司也在浦口,是个专业化的煤炭中转码头,承担津浦铁路南下的煤炭的转运任务。四公司在新生圩,能停靠2.5万吨级海轮,承担长江中上游及南京市的内外贸(主要是外贸)件杂货的中转运
Ten years ago, the guiding ideology of the State Council Document No. 50 on the reform of the shipping system in the Yangtze River was: “The shipping system must insist on the separation of government from enterprise; the administrative divisions must be broken to achieve the smooth flow of goods and unimpeded flow of goods: the operation of enterprises and the implementation of a number of Management, encouraging all forms of alliances and encouraging more ports to be built, and working according to economic laws. ”Practice has proved that this guiding principle now seems fully applicable to today’s choice of reform model. The port should be separated from the government. In this regard, not many people opposed. However, how to achieve the separation of government from enterprises? What should be the connotation of the Hong Kong government? The port community is quite controversial. This article does not intend to be covered. It is only intended to explore the question of how Hong Kong enterprises should operate. There is a view that the port enterprises should break the monopoly. To do this, it is necessary to set up a number of port companies, each with independent legal person status toward the shipping market in order to show fair competition. For this view, that is to prevent monopoly, I think the intention is good, but in fact difficult to achieve, it is due to the reality of the port decision. Taking Nanjing Port as an example, the current status of the eight loading and unloading companies in Nanjing Port is as follows: A company in Shimonoseki can stop barges up to 2,000 tons and mainly cover the import and export of industrial and civilian materials in Nanjing. The second company in Pukou, but also the berthing capacity of less than 2,000 tons, the main burden of land and water transit through Jinpu Rail transit materials. Three companies are also in Pukou, is a specialized coal transit terminal, take Jinpu railway south of coal transshipments. Four companies in the new Health Fair, can dock 25,000-ton seagoing vessels, to undertake the Yangtze River in Nanjing and the internal and external trade (mainly foreign trade) groceries transit transshipment