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鉴于中国环境质量伴随对外贸易增长的下滑态势,本文先通过Super-SBM模型测定2004-2013年中国30个省市环境效率,得出地域环境效率异质的明显结果;并通过固定效应模型实证分析环境效率的影响因素,再结合变系数模型,检验进出口贸易对环境效率影响的异质性。结果显示:中国进出口对环境效率的影响存在空间异质性,其中广东上海等发达地区进出口贸易对环境效率产生负效应,有悖于区域协调发展,而贸易结构对环境效率的影响主要表现为贸易进口的正效应和贸易出口的负效应;若控制进出口贸易和人均GDP等因素,人均能源消费对环境效率产生显著负效应,能源政策的有效制定和实施是改善环境的关键。
In view of the declining trend of China’s environmental quality along with the growth of foreign trade, this paper first measured the environmental efficiency of 30 provinces and cities in China by means of the Super-SBM model from 2004 to 2013, and obtained the obvious results of heterogeneity of regional environmental efficiency. Empirical analysis of fixed effects model Environmental impact factors, combined with variable coefficient model to test the import and export trade on the impact of environmental heterogeneity. The results show that there is spatial heterogeneity in the impact of China’s import and export on environmental efficiency. The import and export trade in developed areas such as Guangdong and Shanghai have a negative effect on environmental efficiency, which is contrary to the coordinated development of the region. The impact of the trade structure on environmental efficiency is mainly manifested Positive effect of trade import and negative effect of trade export. If controlling import and export trade and per capita GDP, per capita energy consumption has a significant negative effect on environmental efficiency. The effective formulation and implementation of energy policy is the key to improving the environment.