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四维地震资料解释可以看成是一个动态油藏描述过程,其解释方法可分成直接分析法、地震属性分析方法和动态储集层描述方法。文中着重讨论了直接分析法和地震属性技术。直接分析法包括层间时差分析法、振幅分析法、速度分析法和频谱分析法,其基本特点是利用单个地震属性差值对四维地震资料进行解释。地震属性技术分析包括地震属性特征的提取、优化、标定和聚类分析四个方面的内容,它根据地震瞬时属性、层间属性和平面属性的差值的线性或非线性的优化方法对四维地震资料进行分析,以预测储集层特征和储集层流体性质及其变化,增强对油藏的监测能力。
The interpretation of four-dimensional seismic data can be regarded as a dynamic reservoir description process. The interpretation methods can be divided into direct analysis method, seismic attribute analysis method and dynamic reservoir description method. The paper focuses on direct analysis and seismic attribute techniques. Direct analysis methods include inter-layer time difference analysis method, amplitude analysis method, velocity analysis method and spectrum analysis method. Its basic characteristic is to explain the four-dimensional seismic data by using the single seismic attribute difference. According to the linear or nonlinear optimization method of seismic instantaneous property, interlaminar property and plane property difference, the seismic attribute technical analysis includes four aspects of seismic attribute feature extraction, optimization, calibration and cluster analysis. Data are analyzed to predict reservoir characteristics and reservoir fluid properties and their changes, and to enhance reservoir monitoring capabilities.