论文部分内容阅读
利用１９９３年５～９月连续时间序列的资料，对青藏高原唐古拉山冬克玛底冰川区及其流域的水文过程特征进行初步分析。由于青藏高原季风环流的影响，在性质不同气团控制所产生的降水天气过程的降水量差别极大，该区域主要降水集中在６～８月，Ｔｒｅｔｙａｋｏｖ雨量器对标准雨量器捕捉率的修正量小于天山地区的研究结果。该流域地面蒸发过程较为强盛，各种下垫面的蒸发量占流域水量平衡收入的３７％，土壤蒸发量与水面蒸发和土壤含水量之间关系密切。流域平均径流系数为０６３，径流模数为２６Ｌ／（ｓ·ｋｍ２），冰川融水径流对整个流域径流影响很大，冰川融水对流域径流的补给率为４９％。冰川融水径流主要产生于７～９月初，时间短，但强度大，其冰川融水径流量除与气温变化有关外，还与能量过程重要因子———冰川表面反射率呈幂函数关系。
Based on the continuous time series from May to September in 1993, the hydrological characteristics of the Dongklamadi Glacier and its watershed in the Tanggula Mountains of the Tibetan Plateau are analyzed. Due to the monsoon circulation over the Tibetan Plateau, precipitation varies greatly during the precipitation from the control of different air masses. The main precipitation in this area is from June to August. The correction of the capture rate of the standard gauge by the Tretyakov gauge is less than Tianshan area of the research results. Evaporation on the ground surface of this basin is relatively strong. The evaporation of various underlying surfaces accounts for 37% of the basin water balance. The relationship between soil evaporation and surface evaporation and soil water content is close. The runoff coefficient of runoff was 0.63 and the runoff modulus was 26L / (s · km2). Glacial melt runoff had a great influence on the runoff of the whole catchment. The recharge rate of runoff from glacier melt watershed was 49%. Glacial melt runoff mainly occurred in early July and early September, but time was short, but intensity was high. In addition to the change of temperature, glacial melt runoff also showed a power function relationship with glacier surface reflectance, an important factor of energy process.