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在低关税的时代,快速通关很可能是打破贸易壁垒,推动国际贸易发展的重要手段。文章从四个方面总结了快速通关对国际贸易的影响机制,并基于2008-2010年113个国家相互之间的出口数据,使用Heckman两步选择模型进行了实证研究。结果显示,快速通关对贸易参与和贸易规模都有着显著的促进作用,从多个角度进行稳健性检验后,该结论依然成立。快速通关可以通过需求偏好效应、成本效应与全球化生产网络效应和遏制日益强化的非关税贸易壁垒的负面效应,使得多边谈判所形成的关税降低的效应得以真正发挥。此外,文章还发现,自由贸易协定的建立,提升了通关效率与边境管理的透明度,进而提高了国家间的贸易量。文章的研究结论对于理解目前中国建立自由贸易区以及实施在贸易谈判中主导快速通关的措施或建立条款,打破技术贸易壁垒具有重要的意义。
In an era of low tariffs, fast customs clearance may well be an important means of breaking trade barriers and promoting the development of international trade. The article summarizes the impact mechanism of fast customs clearance on international trade from four aspects. Based on the export data of 113 countries from 2008 to 2010, the article uses Heckman two-step selection model to conduct empirical research. The results show that the rapid clearance has a significant promotion effect on the trade participation and the scale of trade. After the robustness test is conducted from various angles, the conclusion still holds. Fast customs clearance can bring about the real effect of reducing the tariffs created by the multilateral negotiations through the negative effects of the demand-preference effect, the cost-effect and the global production network effect and the containment of the increasingly strengthened non-tariff trade barriers. In addition, the article also found that the establishment of a free trade agreement has improved the efficiency of customs clearance and the transparency of border management, thus increasing the volume of trade between countries. The conclusion of the article is of great significance for understanding the current establishment of a free trade zone in China and for implementing the measures or establishing the provisions that lead to the fast-track clearance in the trade negotiations and breaking the barriers to technological trade.