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答:统计学是研究事物数量特征的科学,通过对数据资料的搜集、整理和分析,来认识事物的数量客观规律。由于在实际科研工作中往往不能对事物的总体进行普查性研究,即对总体中每个个体全部逐一进行研究,例如不可能对全国所有男性的身高逐一进行调查,只能随机抽取部分男性进行测量。所以,我们所得到的科研数据往往是从总体中随机抽取的部分观察对象的实测值组成的的数据,也就是样本。而我们真正要了解的是总体的情况,要想通过样本信息推断总体的数量特征,
A: Statistics is a science that studies the quantitative characteristics of things. Through the collection, collation and analysis of data, we can understand the objective laws of things. Because in the actual scientific research work can not always conduct a general survey of things that all individuals in the overall study of all one by one, for example, it is impossible to survey the height of all men in the country one by one, only a random selection of some men to measure . Therefore, the research data we get are often the data that is composed of the measured values of some observers randomly selected from the population, that is, the samples. And what we really want to know is the overall situation, in order to infer the quantitative characteristics of the population through the sample information,