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采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法研究了湖南双季稻稻田不施氮(NN)、当地常规(FP)、高产高效(YE)、再高产(HY)、再高效(HE)5种不同栽培模式下温室气体(CH4、N2O)的排放规律.结果表明:水稻生长季CH4累积排放量变化为(206.5±37.5)kg·hm-2(FP,早稻)～(490.5±65.7)kg·hm-2(HE,晚稻),N2O-N累积排放量变化为(0.08±0.05)kg·hm-2(NN,早稻)～(0.326±0.15)kg·hm-2(HY,晚稻).不同栽培模式对CH4和N2O的排放都有显著影响(p<0.05).HE模式CH4排放显著高于其他模式62%～87%(p<0.05),尤其是晚稻季节;除NN模式外,其他4种模式间N2O排放差异不显著.冬季休闲期也是CH4和N2O排放的重要时期,分别占全年排放量的9.7%～19.7%和42%～62%.CH4主导了稻田不同栽培模式下的综合温室效应,在各模式中均占95%以上.施氮肥提高了作物产量,降低了温室气体强度(GHGI).在5种模式中,YE和HY模式温室气体强度较小,HY模式下仅为(0.97±0.16)kg·kg-1(以每kg产量排放的CO2当量计).因此,与FP模式相比,YE和HY模式既能提高产量和氮肥利用率,也能减缓温室效应;但HE模式排放的温室气体较高,在实际应用前尚需进一步研究.
The static dark box-gas chromatography was used to study the effects of nitrogen (NN), local conventional (FP), high yield and high efficiency (YE), high yield (HY) and high efficiency The results showed that the cumulative CH4 emission during the growing season was (206.5 ± 37.5) kg · hm-2 (FP, early rice) ~ (490.5 ± 65.7) kg · hm-2 HE and late rice), and the cumulative emissions of N2O-N varied from 0.08 ± 0.05 kg · hm-2 to 0.326 ± 0.15 kg · hm-2 (late rice) And N2O (p <0.05). The emission of CH4 in the HE model was significantly higher than that in the other models by 62% ~ 87% (p <0.05), especially in the late rice season. In addition to the NN model, the N2O emission The difference in discharge was not significant, and the winter leisure period was also an important period for CH4 and N2O emissions, accounting for 9.7% -19.7% and 42% -62% of the annual emissions, respectively. CH4 dominates the comprehensive greenhouse effect under different cultivation modes in paddy fields All of the models accounted for more than 95% .The nitrogen fertilizer increased the crop yield and decreased the GHGI.The YE and HY models showed less GHG intensity than the HY model (0.97 ± 0.16 ) kg · kg -1 (per kg Therefore, compared with the FP mode, the YE and HY modes can both increase the yield and nitrogen use efficiency as well as slow down the greenhouse effect. However, the HE mode emits more greenhouse gases, and before the actual application Need further study