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张闻天在著名的论文《关于生产关系的两重性问题》中,首次提出生产关系有两重性:生产关系一般和生产关系特殊。根据张闻天的生产关系两重性理论,文章认为经济学范畴的分类不再停留在生产力和生产关系两大类上,而分为生产力、生产关系一般和生产关系特殊三大类。生产力范畴可以不作为政治经济学的研究对象,以生产关系一般范畴为研究对象的政治经济学可以称为分工经济学,以生产关系特殊范畴为研究对象的政治经济学可以称为所有制经济学。作为独特的生产方式的经济学都是分工经济学和所有制经济学的有机组合。
In his famous essay, “The Duality of Production Relations,” Zhang Wentian first proposed the duality of the relations of production: the general relations of production and the relations of production are special. According to Zhang Wentian’s theory of duality of production relations, the article holds that the classification of economic categories no longer resides in two major categories of productivity and production relations, but is divided into three categories: productivity, production relations and production relations. The category of productive forces may not be the object of study of political economy. The political economy that takes the general category of relations of production as the subject of study may be called the division of labor economics. The political economy that takes the special category of relations as the object of study may be called ownership economics. Economics as a unique mode of production is an organic combination of labor division and ownership economics.