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目的了解西安市某大型项目建设(工地)区域主要病媒生物的种群结构分布、生态习性、季节消长趋势等变化规律,为该区域媒介传播疾病的防治和病媒生物控制工作提供依据。方法鼠类监测采用夹夜法,蟑螂监测采用粘捕法,蚊类监测采用电动吸蚊器人工小时法,蝇类监测采用笼诱法。结果 2014年该项目建设区域共捕获鼠类82只,鼠类总平均密度为2.28%,优势种群为小家鼠,占鼠类总数的92.68%;蟑螂未捕获;全年共捕获蚊类25只,蚊平均密度为1.39只/人工小时,捕获的蚊类为淡色库蚊和白纹伊蚊,淡色库蚊为优势种群,占捕获蚊类的84%;蝇类监测共捕获蝇类45只,蝇平均密度为1.13只/笼,最高密度出现在7月份,为3.20只/笼,优势种群为家蝇。结论通过全年监测初步掌握了该项目区域主要病媒生物的种群密度、生态习性及季节消长等变化规律,资料显示该区域蚊蝇密度控制在较低水平,鼠密度明显高于西安市鼠密度监测结果,应根据病媒生物的活动及消长规律在其活动高峰前适时加强环境整治,采用物理、化学综合防治措施,可有效控制病媒生物密度,减少媒介传播疾病的发生。
Objective To understand the changes of population structure distribution, ecological habits and seasonal fluctuation trends of major vector-borne organisms in a large-scale project construction (site) in Xi’an, so as to provide basis for prevention and control of vector-borne diseases and vector control in this area. Methods The method of claustrophobia was used for the monitoring of rodents, the stick-catching method was used for the detection of cockroaches, the artificial hour-hour method of mosquito monitoring was used for mosquitoes, and the cages were used for the monitoring of flies. Results A total of 82 rodents were captured in the project construction area in 2014. The total average density of rodents was 2.28%. The dominant species was Mus musculus, accounting for 92.68% of the total number of rodents. Cockroaches were not caught. A total of 25 mosquitoes , The average density of mosquitoes was 1.39 per artificial hour, the captured mosquitoes were Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes albopictus, Culex pipiens pallens dominant population, accounting for 84% of the mosquitoes caught; flies detected a total of 45 flies, The average density of flies was 1.13 per cage, and the highest density was 3.20 per cage in July. The dominant population was housefly. Conclusion The population density, ecological habits and seasonal fluctuation of main vector organisms in the project area were initially mastered through the annual monitoring. The data showed that the density of mosquitoes in the area was kept at a low level and the density of rats in the area was significantly higher than that in Xi’an Monitoring results should be based on the activity of the vector and the growth and decline of the law in their activities before the peak to strengthen environmental remediation, the use of physical and chemical integrated control measures can effectively control vector density, reduce the incidence of vector-borne diseases.