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一、体育是文明时代的产物 马克思主义认为,人的生命力除了满足身体的需要之外,还必须满足道德的、精神的和社会的需要。体育存在的价值和理由,不仅是保证人体健康发展和人类正常生命活动的需要,而且是整个社会的需要。人类社会越向前发展越离不开它。恩格斯把需要分为生存,享受和发展三个层次。这是按照需要的产生、发展过程来划分的。人们对体育的需要也经历了这几个层次。在人类的蒙昧时代和野蛮时代,就有身体运动,但还谈不上有真正的体育。那个时候,身体运动是适应生存或劳动的需要而产生的,其作用在于强身和获得生产技能。到了文明时代,由于分工的出现,开始有了专门的教育,运
First, sports are the product of the civilized era Marxism believes that human vitality in addition to meeting the needs of the body, but also must meet the moral, spiritual and social needs. The value and reason for the existence of sports not only ensure the healthy development of human health and the normal life activities of human beings, but also the needs of the whole society. The more the human society moves forward, the more it can not be separated from it. Engels divided the needs into three levels of existence, enjoyment and development. This is in accordance with the needs arising from the development process to divide. People’s needs for sports have also gone through these levels. In human ignorance and barbarism, there is physical exercise, but there is no truth in physical education. At that time, physical exercise was generated to meet the needs of survival or work, and its role was to maintain physical strength and acquire production skills. In the civilized age, due to the advent of division of labor, special education and transport began