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影响胰岛发育的转录因子有Mnx1(motor neuron and pancreas homeobox 1)、Pdx1(pan-creatic and duodenal homeobox 1)、Ngn3(neurogenin 3)、Grg3(groucho-gene-related gene 3)、Nkx2.2(NK2 homeodomain 2)、Nkx6.1(NK6 homeodomain 1)、MafA(v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibro-sarcoma oncogene homolog A)等。在这些转录因子中,Pdx1对胰芽形成、β细胞成熟以及维持β细胞正常功能起关键作用;Ngn3促使胰腺祖细胞向内分泌细胞分化;Mnx1、Nkx2.2、Grg3保证β细胞的表型,抑制β细胞分化为α细胞;Nkx6.1调节β细胞的增殖和分化;MafA具有β细胞特异性,在胰岛素合成、分泌和糖代谢过程中起重要作用。转录因子异常与糖尿病的发生有着非常密切的关系。因此,探讨这些转录因子在胰岛发育中所起的作用对糖尿病的治疗有重要意义。
The transcription factors that affect islet development are Mnx1 (motor neuron and pancreas homeobox 1), Pdx1 (pan-creatic and duodenal homeobox 1), Ngn3 (neurogenin 3), Grg3 (groucho-gene-related gene 3), Nkx2.2 homeodomain 2), Nkx6.1 (NK6 homeodomain 1), MafA (v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibro-sarcoma oncogene homolog A) and the like. Among these transcription factors, Pdx1 plays a key role in the formation of pancreatic buds, the maturation of β-cells and the maintenance of the normal function of β-cells; Ngn3 promotes the differentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells into endocrine cells; Mnx1, Nkx2.2 and Grg3 ensure the β-cell phenotype, β cells differentiate into α cells; Nkx6.1 regulate β cell proliferation and differentiation; MafA has β cell specificity and plays an important role in insulin synthesis, secretion and glucose metabolism. Abnormal transcription factors and the occurrence of diabetes have a very close relationship. Therefore, to explore the role of these transcription factors in the development of islets of great significance for the treatment of diabetes.