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洞庭湖是中国最大的淡水湖调蓄湖泊,每年承纳长江洪水的30%～40%。1980～1999年水患造成直接经济损失1440.7亿元。水患原因为长江泥沙大量涌入,调蓄容积锐减;江汉湖泊群与长江隔断,丧失调蓄作用。森林植被减少是导致长江中下游和洞庭湖水患的根本原因。针对洞庭湖综合治理过程中存在的问题,提出科学的治理指导思想,应采取合理补偿、坚持江湖山岗丘陵同治、退耕还林、走林纸一体化经营之路等对策。
Dongting Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China to regulate lakes, which take 30% ~ 40% of the Yangtze River flood each year. Floods in 1980-1999 caused direct economic losses of 144.070 billion yuan. The reason of the flooding is the influx of sediment in the Yangtze River and the sharp drop in storage capacity. The Jianghan Lake Group and the Yangtze River are cut off and lose their regulation and storage functions. The decrease of forest vegetation is the root cause of flooding in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River and Dongting Lake. In view of the problems existing in the process of comprehensive management of Dongting Lake, we put forward the guiding ideology of scientific governance, and should take reasonable compensation to adhere to the countermeasures such as the same rule of hills and hills, returning the grain plots to forestry and the integration of forestry and paper.