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为减轻果树越冬掩埋的劳动强度,推广塑料膜防寒覆盖法,对土埋和白塑料布、黑塑料布、彩条布覆盖的劳动力和材料成本进行了对比分析。结果表明:蟠桃土埋法需要强壮劳动力1 700元/667m2,塑料薄膜法只需要强壮劳动力450元/667m2;加材料费合计:白塑料布单层覆盖690.0元/667m2,双层覆盖930.0元/667m2;黑塑料布单层覆盖814.8元/667m2,双层覆盖1 179.6元/667m2;彩条布单层覆盖862.8元/667m2,双层覆盖1 275.6元/667m2。葡萄土埋法需要强壮劳动力2.92元/m;塑料薄膜法只需要强壮劳动力0.74元/m,加材料费合计:白塑料布单层覆盖1.24元/m,双层覆盖1.74元/m;黑塑料布单层覆盖1.50元/m,双层覆盖2.26元/m;彩条布单层覆盖1.60元/m,双层覆盖2.46元/m。塑料薄膜法比土埋法便宜,其中白塑料布更便宜。同时提出,在环塔里木主产区和吐哈区的暖温带,应该根据气象部门秋季的长期天气预报,一般年份用单层覆盖都能安全越冬,预报寒冬的年份,应该进行双层覆盖。在中温带的北疆沿天山一带产区,也应根据气象部门秋季的长期天气预报,一般年份用单层覆盖都能安全越冬,预报寒冬或者晚降雪的年份,应该进行双层覆盖。
In order to reduce the labor intensity of the fruit trees burying in the winter and popularize the plastic film cold covering method, the labor force and the material cost covered by the buried soil and the white plastic cloth, the black plastic cloth and the color striped cloth were compared and analyzed. The results show that: the peach soil burial method requires a strong labor force of 1 700 yuan / 667m2, plastic film method only requires strong labor 450 yuan / 667m2; plus material costs total: white plastic sheet covering 690.0 yuan / 667m2, double covering 930.0 yuan / 667m2; single layer of black plastic cloth covering 814.8 yuan / 667m2, double covering 1 179.6 yuan / 667m2; color strip cloth cover 862.8 yuan / 667m2 single layer, double cover 1 275.6 yuan / 667m2. Grape soil buried law requires strong labor force 2.92 yuan / m; plastic film method only requires strong labor 0.74 yuan / m, plus material costs total: white plastic sheet covering 1.24 yuan / m, double covering 1.74 yuan / m; black plastic Cloth cover 1.50 yuan / m, double cover 2.26 yuan / m; color cloth single cover 1.60 yuan / m, double cover 2.46 yuan / m. Plastic film method cheaper than soil burial, white plastic cloth cheaper. At the same time, it is suggested that the warm temperate zone in the main producing areas of Tuen Mun and Tuha district should be covered according to the long-term autumn weather forecasts of the meteorological department. In general years, it is safe to overwinter with single-layer coverage. In the temperate northern Xinjiang along the Tianshan area, the meteorological department should also be based on long-term autumn weather forecasts, the general year with a single cover can be safe winter, forecast winter or late snow year, should be double-covered.