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美国小企业是美国技术创新的重要主体,联邦政府采取了系列措施支持其开展技术创新,小企业创新研究计划(SBIR)和技术转移计划(STTR)即是由美国政府直接出资支持小企业从事技术创新的两个旗舰计划。SBIR和STTR计划自实施以来已取得显著成效:有力地促进了美国的技术创新,显著提高了私营企业创新成果的商业化程度,较好地结合了小企业发展与国家研发需求,为小企业创新活动提供了广泛的支持。通过回顾SBIR和STTR计划的出台和演变,分析计划的主要管理特点,重点解析了计划的评估体系,并预测,SBIR和STTR计划在未来美国支持小企业技术创新体系中还将发挥更大作用。
Small business in the United States is an important subject of technological innovation in the United States. The federal government has adopted a series of measures to support its technological innovation. The SBIR and STTR are direct investments by the U.S. government in supporting small businesses in technology Innovative two flagship programs. The SBIR and STTR programs have achieved remarkable results since they were implemented. They have effectively promoted technological innovation in the United States, significantly increased the degree of commercialization of private-sector innovation achievements, combined better the development of small-scale enterprises and national research and development needs, Activities provide a wide range of support. By reviewing the introduction and evolution of the SBIR and STTR programs, the key management features of the program are analyzed, the plan’s evaluation system is analyzed emphatically, and the SBIR and STTR programs are expected to play a greater role in supporting the U.S. technology innovation system for small businesses in the future.