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春秋时代齐国卿管仲主张治国必须治本,治本在于富民。他认为治国不可“大其标”,而要“大本而小标”(见《管子·霸言》)。“本”,原指树根,“标”,原指树梢。“大本”,是从根本上解决问题,才是发展前进之根基。“小标”,是在非根本上解决问题的临时性措施。这原是管仲在论述君王欲称王于天下必须“明大九”,才能“令行诸修”时讲的。从这里我们可以看出他的治本思想。怎样才是“治本”呢?《治国》篇中说:“治国之道,必先富民”,“富民”就要“大其本”,即重于“治本”方面,使民众具备致富的基本条件,这才是“富民”的根本措施。对非根本性困难也要解决,但这不是主要着眼点,对这类问题可采取“小其标”的政策,如果本末倒置,就不能从根本上“富民”。
In the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi Guoqing Guan Zhong advocated that the rule of the country must be based on the principle that the root cause lies in enriching the people. He believes that the rule of the country can not be “big target”, but to “big and small target” (see “tube tyrants”). “Ben”, originally refers to the root, “standard”, originally refers to the treetops. “Big One” is the fundamental solution to the problem and the foundation for its development. “Small standard” is a temporary measure to solve the problem non-fundamentally. This was originally what Guan Zhong said when he described the king’s desire that the king must “clear the big nine” in order to “make the order”. From here we can see that his idea of permanent cure. In the article entitled “Governing the Country,” he said: “To govern the country, we must first enrich the people,” and “enrich the people,” we must “make the bulk of our country.” That is, we should give priority to enriching the people This is the fundamental measure for “enriching the people.” The non-fundamental difficulties must also be solved. However, this is not the main point of concern. A policy of “small standard” can be adopted for such problems. If the cart before the horse is upside down, we can not “enrich the people” fundamentally.