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据估计,人类的发育缺陷与智力低下由于遗传因素所致的占20%;外环境中生物、物理、化学等因素以及放射线、宇宙线等的影响约占10%;母亲孕期用药及病毒的影响约占10%,说明外环境因素对胎儿的影响很大,但如加以重视,有些是可以避免的。现就外环境因素的作用,特别是药物对胚胎发育的干扰作重点介绍。一、理化、生物因素的影响 (一)放射线给孕妇作下腹部X线摄片,一般认为胎儿所接受的放射线量为0.05～0.4拉得(rad),累积剂量在10拉得以下时,不致引起胎儿的变化。Milunsky于1948年在芝加哥产院对妊娠晚期孕妇作X线骨盆测量1,000例,19年后进行随访,其子女的智
It is estimated that human developmental deficits and mental retardation account for 20% of the total due to genetic factors. Biological, physical and chemical factors such as external environment, radiation and cosmic rays account for about 10% Accounting for about 10%, indicating that external environmental factors have a great impact on the fetus, but if attention is paid, some can be avoided. Now on the role of environmental factors, especially the interference of drugs on embryonic development for the introduction. First, the physical and chemical, biological factors (a) of radiation for pregnant women under the abdomen X-ray, the fetus is generally believed that the amount of radiation received 0.05 ~ 0.4 pull (rad), the cumulative dose of 10 below the pull, not to Cause changes in the fetus. In 1948, Milunsky made 1,000 pelvic X-ray measurements of pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy in a Chicago maternity hospital. After 19 years of follow-up, their children’s wisdom