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过度施用化肥带来的负外部性使棉区土壤面临着棉花增产和保护生态环境的双重挑战。本文在棉花生产的决策主体农户尺度上,利用对新疆重点植棉地区实地问卷调查所得数据,定量化研究了新疆棉农过度施用化肥程度,并通过经济计量模型分析了导致农户过量施用化肥的主要因素。研究结果表明,新疆棉花种植农户的化肥施用量(折纯量)平均达到610.20 kg·hm~(-2),过量施用率占到实际施用量的59.6%。导致农户过量施用化肥的主要因素是缺乏科学施肥培训和避免收入损失的盲目性。研究结果在农户行为学方面做了有益的科学探讨,并为科学引导农户合理施肥提供了科学依据。
The negative externality caused by over-fertilization of chemical fertilizers causes cotton soils to face the dual challenge of increasing cotton yield and protecting the ecological environment. Based on the questionnaire survey of key cotton-growing areas in Xinjiang, this paper quantitatively studied the extent of over-fertilization by cotton farmers in Xinjiang and analyzed the main factors leading to over-fertilization of fertilizers by using econometric models . The results showed that the amount of chemical fertilizers applied to cotton farmers in Xinjiang reached an average of 610.20 kg · hm -2, and the overdose rate accounted for 59.6% of the actual application rate. The main factors that lead farmers to over-fertilize fertilizers are the lack of scientific fertilization training and the blindness of avoiding loss of income. The results of this study have done a useful scientific study on farmer behavior and provided a scientific basis for science to guide farmers to rational fertilization.