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目的探讨hs MAD2蛋白及基因表达水平在人类胚胎染色体分离中的变化情况。方法选取2009年3月~2013年10月该院收治的50例自然流产患者,利用荧光原位杂交(FISH)方法对患者胚胎绒毛染色体数目进行检测,根据染色体数目将患者分为正常组和异常组,分别利用蛋白免疫印迹(Western blotting)和荧光逆转录聚合酶链反应(q PCR)对两组患者胚胎绒毛组织中的hs MAD2蛋白和基因水平进行检测。结果 50例自然流产患者的胚胎中存在染色体异常28例(56.0%),检出嵌合体8例(16.0%)。异常组胚胎绒毛中hs MAD2蛋白水平为(0.88±0.20),基因水平为(23.46±0.07),这与正常组相对应的(0.61±0.19)和(18.35±0.10)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论染色体的数目异常与自然流产具有密切关联,hs MAD2因子对细胞周期有关卡效应,可阻滞细胞的有丝分裂过程,对维持染色体的正常分离及稳定具有重要作用。
Objective To investigate the changes of hs MAD2 protein and its gene expression in human embryos during chromosome segregation. Methods Fifty patients with spontaneous abortion admitted to our hospital from March 2009 to October 2013 were enrolled in this study. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect the number of chorionic villi in the embryos, and the patients were divided into normal group and abnormal group according to the number of chromosomes Group, the hs MAD2 protein and gene levels in the embryonic villi of the two groups were detected by Western blotting and q-PCR respectively. Results There were 28 cases (56.0%) of chromosomal abnormalities in embryos of 50 cases of spontaneous abortion and 8 cases (16.0%) of chimeras were detected. The level of hs MAD2 protein in the abnormal group was (0.88 ± 0.20) and the gene level was (23.46 ± 0.07), which was significantly lower than that of the normal group (0.61 ± 0.19) and (18.35 ± 0.10) (P <0.05). Conclusion The number of abnormal chromosomes is closely related to spontaneous abortion. The hs-MAD2 factor has a card-like effect on the cell cycle and can block cell mitosis and plays an important role in maintaining normal chromosome segregation and stability.