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对2018年12月南京医科大学附属儿童医院收治的1例室管膜瘤术后出现严重并发症的2岁5个月患儿的生酮饮食(KD)治疗方案进行回顾性分析。患儿室管膜瘤术后出现脑出血、脑积水和脑疝等严重并发症，持续昏迷、发热及惊厥，经多种抗感染及抗癫痫药物治疗1个月无效。使用4∶1的KD疗法治疗2周后患儿发热、惊厥均有效缓解，未出现明显副作用，治疗1个月后患儿神志恢复清醒。提示KD可尝试用于室管膜瘤术后严重并发症的治疗。“,”The ketogenic diet(KD) treatment program planned for a 2 years old and 5 months boy suffered from severe cerebral complications after ependymoma operation in the Children′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University at December 2018 was analyzed retrospectively.The patient developed various complications, including cerebral hemorrhage, hydrocephalus and hernia after the operation of ependymoma, with coma, fever and convulsion, and 1 month of anti-infection and antiepileptic treatment was ineffective.After 2 weeks of 4∶1 KD, fever and convulsion were effectively relieved without obvious side effects.One month later, the patient regained consciousness, demonstrating that KD can be applied to treat severe cerebral complications after ependymoma operation.