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柠檬醛(citral)又叫(牜龙)牛儿醛(geranial)或香茅醛[1、2],学名叫3、7——二甲基辛二烯——(2、6)——醛。属于萜类化合物,它是香茅草油的主要成分,山胡椒油中含量也非常丰富[3]。它是无色或淡黄色液体,有强烈的柠檬香味,易挥发,不溶于水,溶于许多有机溶剂,如乙醇、乙醚、甘油、矿物油和植物油等,比重:0.8910(25℃),沸点:228——229℃,折光率:1.4860——1.4900(20℃)。 柠檬醛含有两根碳——碳双键,其中一根与羰基共轭,其化学性质比较活泼,在光、热或酸碱及氧化剂存在下,能发生聚合反应和氧化反应。可用作合成多种香料的原料,例如:β——紫罗兰酮[4],反应如下:
Citral is also known as geranial or citronellal [1, 2]. Its scientific name is 3, 7 - dimethyl octadiene - (2, 6) - aldehyde . It belongs to terpenoids, it is the main component of citronella oil, and is also rich in mountain pepper oil [3]. It is a colorless or light yellow liquid, has a strong lemon aroma, is volatile, insoluble in water, soluble in many organic solvents such as ethanol, ethyl ether, glycerin, mineral oil and vegetable oil, specific gravity: 0.8910 (25°C), boiling point : 228 - 229 °C, refractive index: 1.4860 - 1.4900 (20 °C). Citral contains two carbon-carbon double bonds, one of which is conjugated to a carbonyl group. The chemical properties of the citral are relatively active. In the presence of light, heat, or acids and bases, and oxidants, polymerization reactions and oxidation reactions can occur. It can be used as raw material for synthesizing various spices, for example: β-ionone [4]. The reaction is as follows: