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所谓第三部门,是指有别于政府组织(第一部门)、营利组织(第二部门)的各种非政府和非营利组织的总称。非政府组织在许多国家早已蔚为风尚,而在中国,大家还十分陌生,对它哪怕是肤浅的认识,也仅仅是近几年的事。不过,由于非政府组织近几年的迅猛发展,它尽管太迟、却充满活力的登场,正引起人们的高度关注。在计划经济年代,政府包办一切,连市场都包了,非政府组织当然无从产生。到了市场经济,政府逐渐从市场中退出,但社会活动仍然是政府在包办。这种包办让政府两头为难:一方面,由于政府具有自然垄断性质,它必然会带来相应的弊端,如提供较差的服务、索要较高的价格,更会因其有强制性权力而变本加厉,如官僚主义、索贿寻租等;另一方面,无所不包的巨大负担压得政府喘不过气来。既吃力不讨好,还落得群众意见一大堆。于是政府开始自觉地从许多社会事务中脱身,改由非政府组织去做。近几年我国非政府组织之所以蓬勃发展,正是政府不断成熟的结果。鼓励非政府组织的发展,肯定是一项长期的政策取向,但是,对于我国尚不规范的非政府组织而言,加强管理与监督是一项紧迫的任务。像美国那样非政府组织很发达的国家,尚不时听到非政府组织的丑闻,遑论我国刚刚起步的非政府组织。另外,国外的一些非政府组织演变成“压力集团”、反政府组织,这是应该引起我们高度警惕的。
The so-called third sector, is different from the government organization (the first sector), for-profit organizations (the second sector) of various non-governmental and non-profit organizations in general. Non-governmental organizations have long been popular in many countries, and in China, everyone is still very strange. Even its superficial understanding of it is just the last few years. However, due to the rapid development of non-governmental organizations in recent years, it is attracting people’s attention despite its late appearance. In the era of planned economy, the government has everything in place and even the market has been packed. Of course, non-governmental organizations can not produce it. In a market economy, the government gradually withdraws from the market, but the social activities are still under the government. This arrangement makes the government dilemma: on the one hand, due to the natural monopoly nature of the government, it will inevitably bring about the corresponding drawbacks, such as providing poor service, demanding higher prices, and even more exacerbating its mandatory power Such as bureaucracy, bribery and rent-seeking, etc. On the other hand, the enormous burden of all-embracing is overwhelmed by the government. Not only thankless, but also come to a lot of opinions of the masses. So the government began to consciously get out of many social issues and change it to non-governmental organizations. The reason why our country’s non-governmental organizations have flourished in recent years is precisely the result of the continuous maturity of the government. To encourage the development of non-governmental organizations is certainly a long-term policy orientation. However, it is an urgent task for non-governmental organizations that are not yet standardized in our country to step up their management and supervision. Non-governmental organizations like the United States, a well-developed country, have yet to hear the scandals of non-governmental organizations, not to mention the nascent Chinese non-governmental organizations. In addition, some foreign non-governmental organizations have evolved into “pressure groups” and anti-government organizations, which should arouse our vigilance.