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生产力与生产关系是马克思主义政治经济学和唯物史观的一对基本范畴。对于二者的相互关系,马克思在《政治经济学批判》序言中曾作过经典性的概述,并在《资本论》中作了更为翔实的论述。50年代初,斯大林把马克思主义关于生产力与生产关系相互关系的原理概括为“生产关系一定要适合生产力性质的规律”。1957年,毛泽东同志针对我国建国后,特别是社会主义改造基本完成后的社会经济运行新格局和社会基本矛盾的新变化,在《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》中,对生产力和生产关系既相互适应又相互矛盾的关系作了新的阐述。这些经典性的论述,无疑对我国理论界探讨这一问题产生了深远的影响。
The relationship between productivity and production is a basic category of Marxist political economy and historical materialism. As to the interrelationship of the two, Marx made a classic overview in the preface of “Critique of Political Economy” and made a more detailed exposition in Capital Theory. In the early 1950s, Stalin summarized the Marxist principle of the interrelationship between the productive forces and the relations of production as “the law that the relations of production must conform to the nature of the productive forces.” In 1957, Comrade Mao Tse-tung aimed at the new changes in the new pattern of social and economic operation and the basic social contradictions after the founding of our country, especially after the socialist transformation was basically completed. In “On the Correct Handling of Contradictions among the People”, Comrade Mao Zedong analyzed the relationship between the productive forces and the relations of production Both new and mutually contradictory relations made a new elaboration. These classic expositions have undoubtedly had a far-reaching impact on our theoretical circles in exploring this issue.