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A theoretical design is presented for a 1 × M wavelength-selective switch(WSS) that routes any one of N incoming wavelength signals to any one of M output ports. This planar on-chip device comprises of a 1 × N demultiplexer, a group of N switching “trees” actuated by electro-optical or thermo-optical means, and an M-fold set of N × 1multiplexers. Trees utilize 1 × 2 switches. The WSS insertion loss is proportional to [log_2(M+N +1)]. Along with cross talk from trees, cross talk is present at each cross-illuminated waveguide intersection within the WSS, and there are at most N-1 such crossings per path. These loss and cross talk properties will likely place a practical limit of N=M=16 upon the WSS size. By constraining the 1 × 2 switching energy to~1 f J∕bit, we find that resonant, narrowband 1 × 2 switches are required. The 1 × 2 devices proposed here are nanobeam Mach–Zehnders and asymmetric contra-directional couplers with grating assistance.
A theoretical design is presented for a 1 × M wavelength-selective switch (WSS) that routes any one of N incoming wavelength signals to any one of M output ports. This planar on-chip device comprises of 1 × N demultiplexer, a group of N switching “trees ” actuated by electro-optical or thermo-optical means, and an M-fold set of N × 1 multiplexers. Trees utilize 1 × 2 switches. The WSS insertion loss is proportional to [log_2 (M + N +1)]. Along with cross talk from trees, cross talk is present at each cross-illuminated wave intersection within the WSS, and there are at most most N-1 such crossings per path. These loss and cross talk properties will likely place a practical limit of N = M = 16 upon the WSS size. By constraining the 1 × 2 switching energy to ~ 1 f J / bit, we find that resonant, narrowband 1 × 2 switches are required. nanobeam Mach-Zehnders and asymmetric contra-directional couplers with grating assistance.