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目的了解2005—2010年期间国际邮轮暴发急性胃肠炎疾病流行的状况与特征,探讨大型船舶暴发胃肠道传染病流行的规律和特点及应对措施。方法收集美国CDC国家环境卫生中心船舶卫生项目(VSP)及文献报道的邮轮急性胃肠炎疾病暴发等疫情报告资料,进行流行病学统计与分析。结果收集2005—2010年期间的暴发疫情中明确病原体的有100起,其中病毒性胃肠炎疾病94起(76.4%),细菌性及其他6起(4.9%);病原体未知及未获得样本有23起(18.7%)。诺如病毒、肠产毒性大肠杆菌、志贺氏菌和沙门菌在邮轮急性胃肠道疾病疫情病原体中占主要地位。每年的10月至次年5月为邮轮急性胃肠道疾病疫情发病高峰,其中诺如病毒引发的发病高峰季节是10月至次年3月。邮轮乘客胃肠炎发病率呈逐年上升趋势。结论邮轮发生胃肠道传染性疾病的频率及乘客发病率呈缓慢波动上升趋势,控制由诺如病毒引起的邮轮急性胃肠炎疾病暴发疫情对胃肠道疾病暴发相关性发病率的降低至关重要。
Objective To understand the status and characteristics of the epidemic of acute gastroenteritis in international cruise ships during 2005-2010 and to explore the regularity, characteristics and countermeasures of the epidemic of gastroenteritis outbreak in large ships. Methods Epidemiological statistics and analysis were conducted on epidemiological reports of outbreaks of cruise acute gastroenteritis reported in the US by the CDC National Environmental Health Center Ship Health Project (VSP). Results A total of 100 confirmed pathogens were collected during the outbreak in 2005-2010, of which 94 (76.4%) were viral gastroenteritis, 6 (4.9%) were bacterial and 6 were other pathogens 23 (18.7%). Norovirus, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Shigella and Salmonella predominate in the pathogens of the outbreak of acute gastrointestinal disease in cruise ships. From October to May of each year, the peak of the outbreak of acute gastrointestinal diseases of cruise ships is peaked, and the peak season of the onset of Norovirus is from October to March. The incidence of gastroenteritis among cruise ship passengers has been increasing year by year. Conclusions The incidence of gastrointestinal infectious diseases in cruise ships and the increasing incidence of passengers fluctuates slowly. The reduction of the incidence of gastroenteritis outbreaks related to outbreaks of cruise acute gastroenteritis caused by Norovirus is controlled important.