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基础教育是摆脱贫困,实现社会公平的重要手段。基础教育的根本属性是其基础性,从更广泛的意义上讲,基础教育又非常接近纯公共物品的属性。与发达国家相比,我国基础教育财政投入不足,更重要的是区域差异比较大,这在很大程度上与上级政府承担基础教育财政责任份额不足有关系。中国和美国的国情不同,如:美国处于经济发达阶段,中国处于发展中阶段;中国区域间的经济发展差异相对较大,美国的差异相对较小。因此,我国应采取的对策是:在加大教育尤其是基础教育投入的过程中,强化上一级政府的财政责任,实现基础教育均等化。
Basic education is an important means to get rid of poverty and achieve social fairness. The fundamental property of basic education is its foundation. In the broader sense, basic education is very close to the properties of pure public goods. Compared with the developed countries, China’s basic education is under-invested, but more importantly, its regional disparity is relatively large. This is largely related to the lack of share of the financial responsibility of basic education undertaken by higher-level governments. China and the United States have different national conditions. For example, the United States is in an economically developed stage and China is in a developing stage. The differences in economic development among China’s regions are relatively large while the differences among the United States are relatively small. Therefore, our country should take the following countermeasures: In the process of increasing investment in education, especially in basic education, we should strengthen the fiscal responsibility of the government at the next higher level to achieve equalization of basic education.