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一、真空热处理的发展概况真空技术在四十年代才开始应用于热处理。真空热处理的兴起,有两个直接原因,一是要寻找适合于活性金属(钛、锆等)和高熔点金属(钼、钨等)的退火气氛。这些金属在普通气氛(一大气压、空气)中加热退火,不但表面氧化,还会因吸气而变脆。也曾采用氩、氦等惰性气体代替普通气氛进行退火,但终因其纯度不够和成本过高而被淘汰,所以急需找到一种合适的加热环境;二是受到真空熔炼和真空脱气的启发。金属
First, the development of vacuum heat treatment Overview Vacuum technology in the forties began to apply to heat treatment. The rise of vacuum heat treatment, there are two direct reasons, one is to find suitable for the active metal (titanium, zirconium, etc.) and high melting point metal (molybdenum, tungsten, etc.) annealing atmosphere. These metals are heated and annealed in ordinary atmosphere (one atmosphere, air), not only the surface is oxidized, but also brittle by inhalation. Have also used argon, helium and other inert gases instead of the normal atmosphere for annealing, but in the end because of its purity and cost is not enough to be eliminated, so the urgent need to find a suitable heating environment; the second is subject to vacuum melting and vacuum degassing inspired . metal