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目的:通过构建浙江省北部区域(嘉兴市和湖州市)人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(human immunodeficiency virus type 1，HIV-1)流行株的分子传播网络，探索HIV-1在该区域的传播特征。方法:以2017年嘉兴市和湖州市新诊断的371例人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus，HIV)感染者/艾滋病(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome，AIDS)患者为研究对象，采集其血样并收集其基本人口学及流行病学信息。从血浆中提取RNA，运用反转录聚合酶链反应和巢式聚合酶链反应扩增HIV-1 n pol区基因序列，构建进化树判定亚型。计算两两序列间的基因距离，筛选最佳基因遗传距离阈值，构建分子传播网络。统计学方法采用n χ2检验。n 结果:成功获得336份样本的n pol区基因序列，共检出11种亚型，以流行重组型(circulating recombinant form，CRF)07_BC亚型[40.8%(137/336)]和CRF01_AE亚型[31.2%(105/336)]为主。以1.0%的基因遗传距离阈值绘制HIV-1分子传播网络，119例患者共形成38个分子簇(簇内患者数为2～28例)，以男性为主[82.4%(98/119)] ，以年龄≥40岁者居多[52.9%(63/119)]，主要感染CRF07_BC亚型[57.1%(68/119)]和CRF01_AE亚型[24.4%(29/119)]，其中CRF07_BC入网率[49.6%(68/137)]高于CRF01_AE入网率[27.6%(29/105)]，差异有统计学意义(n χ2＝5.27，n P＝0.022)；存在2个较大分子簇C1(含28例患者)和C2(含11例患者)，C1中男男同性传播占60.7%(17/28)，C2中男男同性传播有7例。高传播风险病例普遍通过手机交友软件在本地或邻近城市寻找性伴侣，所感染的HIV-1序列多与其他经济发达地区(广东省、北京市和杭州市等)的HIV-1毒株序列存在较高同源性。n 结论:浙江省嘉兴市和湖州市的HIV-1亚型多样，以CRF07_BC和CRF01_AE为主。该地区HIV-1传播网络特征复杂，其中高传播风险病例可能是导致浙江省北部区域HIV-1流行的关键因素，因此亟需深化传播网络监测体系，及时制订精准干预和防治策略。“,”Objective:To construct the molecular transmission network of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) epidemic strains in northern Zhejiang Province (Jiaxing City and Huzhou City) and to explore the HIV-1 transmission characteristics in this region.Methods:A total of 371 newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients in Jiaxing City and Huzhou City in 2017 were included as study subjects, and the blood samples were collected and the basic demographic and epidemiological information were obtained. RNA in plasma was extracted, and the n pol region gene sequence was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to construct phylogenetic tree for identifying subtypes. The pairwise genetic distances were calculated, and the optimal threshold of genetic distance was selected, and finally the molecular transmission network was constructed. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.n Results:The n pol region gene sequences of 336 samples were successfully obtained, and 11 subtypes were detected, mainly including circulating recombinant form (CRF)07_BC (40.8%, 137/336) and CRF01_AE (31.2%, 105/336). Based on the 1.0% genetic distance threshold, the molecular transmission network of HIV-1 was plotted. A total of 38 transmission clusters (cluster sizes ranging from two to 28) including 119 patients were found, with males predominantly (82.4%, 98/119) and most of the patients aged over 40 (include 40) years old (52.9%, 63/119), mainly infected with CRF07_BC subtype (57.1%, 68/119) and CRF01_AE (24.4%, 29/119). The clustering rate of CRF07_BC (49.6%, 68/137) was significantly higher than that of CRF01_AE (27.6%, 29/105), the difference was statistically significant (n χ2=5.27, n P=0.022). Two large clusters C1 (28 cases) and C2 (11 cases) were identified, the majority of which were men who have sex with men (17 cases and seven cases, respectively). High-risk cases generally sought sexual partners in local or nearby cities through mobile phone dating software, of which the infected sequences mostly had high homology with other economic developed regions (Guangdong Province, Beijing City and Hangzhou City, etc.).n Conclusions:The HIV-1 subtypes are diverse in Jiaxing City and Huzhou City, mainly CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE. The HIV-1 transmission networks are complex, among which high-risk cases may be the key factor leading to the HIV-1 epidemic in the region. Therefore, it is urgent to deepen the transmission network monitoring and formulate timely precise intervention and prevention strategies.