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以宁夏主要果树苹果、梨、杏、李子不同花器官及幼果为试材,利用能够准确模拟霜冻降温过程的模拟霜箱,研究其花期及幼果期过冷却点和结冰点,比较不同果树及同一果树不同器官抗寒性及受霜冻的临界温度,为果园霜冻监测、预报预警及霜冻防御提供参考。结果表明:苹果、李子幼果的抗寒性明显差于花器官。苹果开花期各器官的抗寒性从强到弱为子房>花蕾;李子花器官(花蕾、子房)之间抗寒性差异不大,明显强于叶片和幼果;梨和杏各主要器官抗寒性从强到弱为花蕾>幼果>子房。宁夏苹果、梨、杏和李子蕾期和花期若遇低于-5.2℃的低温将可能全部受冻,幼果遇低于-4.4℃的低温,则幼果将全部受冻。3个品种的李子花器官抗寒性从强到弱为‘红美丽’>‘尤萨’>‘龙园秋李’;幼果抗寒性从强到弱为‘龙园秋李’>‘红美丽’>‘尤萨’。2个杏品种在花期‘金太阳’比‘李梅杏’的耐冻性强,幼果期‘金太阳’的耐冻性弱于‘李梅杏’。
Taking the different flower organs and young fruits of apple, pear, apricot and plum in Ningxia as test materials, the simulated frost box which can accurately simulate the process of frost cooling was used to study the supercooling point and freezing point in flowering and young fruit stage. The cold resistance of different organs of fruit trees and the same fruit tree and the critical temperature of frost can provide references for the monitoring, forecasting and early warning of frost in orchards and frost defense. The results showed that the cold resistance of apple and plum was obviously worse than that of flower organ. Cold-resistance of organs at flowering stage was stronger than that of ovary> buds; the cold resistance of flower organs (flower buds and ovary) of plum was not significantly different from that of leaves and young fruits; Cold hardiness of organ is bud> young fruit> ovary. Ningxia apple, pear, apricot and plum buds and flowering in case of low temperature below -5.2 ℃ will likely be all cold, young fruit encountered below -4.4 ℃ low temperature, the young fruit will all be frozen. The cold resistance of plum organs of three cultivars increased from strong to weak> Red Beauty> Uza> Long Yuan Qiu Li; Young fruit cold resistance from strong to weak was Longyuan Qiu Li> Red Beauty> Uza. The frost resistance of two apricot cultivars was better than that of ’plum apricot’ at florescence ’Golden Sun’, and that of ’Golden Sun’ in young fruit was weaker than that of ’Li Mei Xing’.