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糖尿病视网膜病变（ DR）的发生、发展与糖尿病的病程、血糖水平、血脂水平及氧化应激损伤密切相关。解偶联蛋白（ UCP）是一类线粒体内膜蛋白，在维持体温、能量代谢、脂肪酸代谢及氧化应激损伤等生理过程中发挥重要作用。 UCP基因多态性可导致 UCP功能异常，使胰岛素、非酯化脂肪酸和活性氧类调节紊乱，促进DR的发生、发展。该文综述了UCP的生理学功能、UCP基因多态性与DR相关性的研究进展，为阐明DR的发病机制提供了依据。“,”The occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) are closely associated with duration of diabetes, blood sugar levels, blood lipid level and oxidative stress injury.Uncoupling protein (UCP) is a class of carrier,locating in mitochondrial inner membrane.UCP plays an important role in main-taining body temperature,energy metabolism,fatty acid metabolism,oxidative stress injury,and so on.The polymorphism of gene UCP can damage its function ,which further results in disturbances of the regulation of insulin,free fatty acids and Reactive oxygen species and DR onset and progress in the end .Here reviews the functions of UCP and the research progress of the relationship between UCP gene polymorphism and DR ,in order to provide the basic evidence for the clarification of DR pathogenesis .