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目的分析农村地区狂犬病暴露与犬只密度之间的关系,为控制和降低农村地区狂犬病暴露提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段抽样方法,调查农村居民2014年狂犬病暴露情况,计算狂犬病暴露率并按年龄性别调整,犬伤狂犬病暴露率与犬只密度进行Person相关和线性回归分析。结果调查狂犬病暴露率为1.28次/100人年,其中,犬伤狂犬病暴露率为1.11次/100人年(86.36%),猫伤狂犬病暴露率为0.13次/100人年(10.61%),鼠伤狂犬病暴露率为0.13次/100人年(3.03%)。犬只密度为5.42只/100人年,其中放养犬只密度为3.17只/100人年(58.42%),拴养犬只密度为2.25只/100人年(41.58%)。犬伤狂犬病暴露率与放养犬只密度可建立线性回归方程(P<0.01,r=0.83),回归系数为0.30(P<0.05,95%CI:0.13~0.47;犬伤狂犬病暴露率与拴养犬只密度相关性分析无统计学意义(P=0.55,r=0.22)。结论当前湖南省农村致狂犬病暴露的动物包括犬、猫和老鼠,其中犬是主要的致狂犬病暴露的动物。湖南省农村犬只拴养率较之前调查上升,湖南省近年来狂犬病人间疫情下降或与此有关。犬伤狂犬病暴露率与放养犬只密度呈线性相关也提示,加强犬只拴养管理可控制和减少犬伤狂犬病暴露,从而减少人间狂犬病疫情。
Objective To analyze the relationship between rabies exposure and dog density in rural areas and provide reference for controlling and reducing rabies exposure in rural areas. Methods A multistage sampling method was used to investigate the incidence of rabies in rural areas in 2014. The exposure rate of rabies was calculated and the Person-related and linear regression analysis was conducted according to the age and sex, the exposure rate of canine rabies and the density of dogs. Results The exposure rate of rabies was 1.28 times per 100 person-years. The incidence of rabies was 1.11 times per 100 person-years (86.36%), and that of cats was 0.13 times per 100 person-years (10.61%). Injury rate of rabies was 0.13 / 100 person-years (3.03%). The density of dogs was 5.42 / 100 person-years, of which the dogs were only 3.17 birds / 100 person-years (58.42%). The dogs were only 2.25 birds / 100 person-years (41.58%). The linear regression equation (P <0.01, r = 0.83) and the regression coefficient was 0.30 (P <0.05,95% CI: 0.13-0.47). The rate of rabies exposure in rabies and tethered There was no significant difference in the density-related analysis of dogs (P = 0.55, r = 0.22) .Conclusion The animals exposed to rabies in the countryside of Hunan Province include dogs, cats and mice, of which the dogs are the major animals exposed to rabies. Provincial rural dog tethered rate than previous survey, Hunan Province in recent years, the epidemic of rabies patients decreased or related to the incidence of canine rabies exposure and stocking dog density was linear correlation also suggests that strengthening the dog confinement management can be controlled And reduce dog exposure to rabies, thereby reducing the human rabies epidemic.