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目的了解黎族乡镇地区中小学生视力健康状况,为中小学生视力保健提供依据。方法从2003年2月至2007年4月,用整群抽样方法,在海南省黎族群体居住较集中的县市,对在校的黎族乡镇中小学生(6～18岁)进行裸眼视力检查,再对其中裸眼视力<1.0的低常者进行散瞳验光检查,并对检查结果进行分析。结果共调查在校黎族中小学生6370名。正常视力者6211名,占受检总数97.5%;视力低常者159名,占受检总数2.5%。小学生视力低常率为2.30%,中学13～15岁年龄段视力低常率为2.26%,中学16～18岁年龄段视力低常率为3.14%;三个年龄段视力低常率经统计学检验无显著差别。视力低常眼共274眼,其中眼病为20眼,占7.3%。余254眼中,近视眼占50.0%,远视眼占35.0%,混合散光占2.4%,正视眼占12.6%;其中弱视为3眼,占1.2%。视力低常原因中近视居首位,主要是轻度近视。结论海南黎族乡镇地区的中小学生视力低常者较少,视力低常率与国内报告的其它少数民族相似,视力健康状况良好。
Objective To understand the health status of primary and secondary school students in Li rural areas and to provide evidences for primary and secondary school students’ eyesight health care. Methods From February 2003 to April 2007, the cluster sampling method was used to check the naked eyesight of primary and middle school students (6-18 years old) in Li minority townships in the counties and cities where the Li ethnic groups in Hainan Province were concentrated. Mild eye optometry visual acuity of <1.0 for those with low cycloplegic refraction, and the examination results were analyzed. Results A total of 6370 Li primary and secondary school students were surveyed. 6211 normal eyesight, accounting for 97.5% of the total number of subjects; 159 cases of low vision, accounting for 2.5% of the total number of subjects. The low visual acuity rate of primary school students was 2.30%, the low visual acuity rate of secondary school students aged 13-15 was 2.26%, the low vision rate of secondary school students aged 16-18 was 3.14%, and the low rate of visual acuity of three age groups was statistically No significant difference test. A total of 274 cases of low vision eyes, of which 20 cases of eye disease, accounting for 7.3%. Of the 254 eyes, myopia accounted for 50.0%, hyperopia accounted for 35.0%, mixed astigmatism accounted for 2.4%, positive eyes accounted for 12.6%; of which amblyopia was 3 eyes, accounting for 1.2%. Low vision causes of myopia in the first place, mainly mild myopia. Conclusion Primary and secondary school students in Li and Li townships in Hainan Province have less vision, and their low visual acuity rate is similar to other ethnic minorities reported in the country. Their visual acuity is good.