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地下矿层开采、地下工程施工、存在地下孔硐或地下水流失都会使铁路发生沉陷，甚至出现突然坍塌或沿层面滑移等灾害事故。本文根据岩层与地表移动原理，基于曲面分布矿层、任意形状工作面条件下地表点在任意方向的移动与变形值预报方法，并顾及复杂地质、采矿、地下工程、地形、铁路等级及其附属设施结构等因素，分析铁路遭受地表沉陷影响的特征，推导地表沉陷区铁路移动与变形值预报公式，确定铁路安全性的评估方法，提供防治灾害事故的措施。最后，列举了一个应用实例。
Underground mining, underground construction, the presence of underground holes or underground water loss will cause the railway subsidence, or even sudden collapse or along the plane slip and other disasters. Based on the principle of rock movement and surface movement, this paper predicts the movement and deformation of ground surface in arbitrary direction under the condition of surface distributed seam and arbitrary shape of working face, taking into consideration of complex geology, mining, underground engineering, topography, railway grade and its ancillary facilities Structure and other factors, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the railway suffered from surface subsidence, deduces the prediction formula of railway movement and deformation value in surface subsidence area, determines the assessment method of railway safety and provides the measures to prevent and control the disaster accident. Finally, an application example is given.