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目的了解广州市番禺区辖区内无偿献血人群对艾滋病综合防治知识的掌握情况,为开展艾滋病预防干预及保证用血安全提供科学依据。方法对2015年1—6月期间来番禺区中心血站参加无偿献血的930例献血者进行艾滋病综合防治知识问卷调查,分析不同人口学特征献血人群艾滋病防治知识知晓率差异。结果献血人群对艾滋病诊断标准的知晓率仅为25.17%;艾滋病预防措施的知晓率为35.80%~86.49%;艾滋病主要临床症状的知晓率为37.88%~51.85%;艾滋病传播途径的知晓率为44.23%~71.13%;艾滋病抗病毒治疗方法的知晓率为35.68%。866名献血者的艾滋病综合防治知识得分为6~20分,平均(12.95±3.74)分。对不同人口学特征献血者的艾滋病综合防治知识得分比较,结果显示,男性献血者艾滋病综合防治知识得分高于女性;年龄越大、文化程度越低的献血者的艾滋病综合防治知识得分越低;献血次数≥2次的献血者的艾滋病综合防治知识得分明显高于第1次献血者;差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论在该血站无偿献血的人群对艾滋病综合防治知识的知晓率普遍偏低,且在性别、年龄、文化程度、献血次数之间存在明显差异。应当在无偿献血人群中开展艾滋病等传染性疾病的健康教育干预,保证临床的用血安全。
Objective To understand the knowledge of AIDS prevention and control among unpaid blood donors in Panyu district of Guangzhou and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of AIDS and blood safety. Methods A total of 930 blood donors who participated in blood donation from Panyu District Central Blood Center from January to June 2015 were investigated by questionnaire about knowledge of HIV / AIDS prevention and control, and the difference of AIDS prevention and control knowledge among blood donors with different demographic characteristics was analyzed. Results The awareness rate of AIDS diagnosis was only 25.17% in blood donors, 35.80% ~ 86.49% in AIDS prevention measures, 37.88% ~ 51.85% in AIDS-related clinical symptoms, and 44.23 in AIDS-transmitted diseases % ~ 71.13%. The awareness rate of HIV antiviral therapy was 35.68%. 866 blood donors AIDS prevention and control knowledge score of 6 to 20 points, an average of (12.95 ± 3.74) points. The results showed that the knowledge of HIV prevention and control among male blood donors was higher than that of women. The lower the educational level, the lower the knowledge of HIV / AIDS prevention and control among donors with lower education level. Blood donors who donated blood more than or equal to 2 times had significantly higher knowledge of HIV / AIDS prevention and treatment than those of the first donors. The differences were statistically significant (both P <0.01). Conclusion The awareness rate of HIV / AIDS prevention and control among the blood donors in this blood bank is generally low, and there are obvious differences in the gender, age, education level and frequency of blood donation. Health-care interventions should be carried out in infectious blood donors, such as HIV / AIDS, to ensure the safety of blood for clinical use.