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水稻(Oryza sativa L.spp.japonica)栽培品种 M5的种子在蒸馏水中预浸后,放入以0.1M磷酸缓冲溶液(pH 3)配制的0、0.12、0.50、0.75、1.0,1.25、1.50和1.75mM 叠氮化钠溶液中处理2或3小时。经处理的种子用15℃自来水冲洗1小时。为使处理方法适合于干燥处理种子的运输,播前将叠氮化钠处理2小时的种子在通风橱内室温下重新干燥24、48、72和96小时。虽然本试验不包括对重新干燥种子进行田间估价,然而发现,以1mM 叠氮化钠处理2小时并重新干燥96小时的种子所受损伤大于用1 mM 叠氮化钠处理3小时未经重新干燥的种子。因此,1mM 叠氮化钠处理2小时并重新干燥,可能已接近使 M_1保持足够的田间存活率的最大允许值。叠氮化钠处理8小时的种子经冲洗后立即播种,长成的幼苗空运至加利福尼亚试验点,进行移栽供突变研究。测定叠氮化钠对水稻生物学效应的指标是 M_1代的发芽率、幼苗高度、种子育性和 M_2代的叶绿素缺失和可以存活的突变。一般说来,随着叠氮化钠浓度的增加及处理后重新干燥时间的延长,M_1的发芽率和幼苗高度趋于下降。叠氮化钠处理也能诱发不育,浓度最高(1.75mM)时种子不育率也最高(62.2%)。同样处理诱发的叶绿素突变占 M_1穗代的98.5%、M_2幼苗的14%。浅绿突变出现的频率最高。在成熟期鉴定可存活突变的最高频率,以 M_2植株为单位是4.64%。所有浓度叠氮化钠处理均有诱变作用。在叠氮化钠诱发的突变谱中,中秆和矮秆突变类型的出现频率高于早开花突变类型。试验表明,在水稻遗传学和育种实践中叠氮化钠是一种有用的诱变剂。
Seed of rice (Oryza sativa L. sapp.) Cultivar M5 was pre-soaked in distilled water and placed in a mixture of 0, 0.12, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.50 and 1.75 mM sodium azide solution for 2 or 3 hours. The treated seeds were rinsed with 15 ° C tap water for 1 hour. In order to make the treatment method suitable for the transportation of dried seeds, the seeds treated with sodium azide for 2 hours were sown again in the fume hood for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours at room temperature. Although this test did not include field evaluations of re-dried seeds, it was found that seeds treated with 1 mM sodium azide for 2 hours and re-dried for 96 hours suffered more damage than those treated with 1 mM sodium azide for 3 hours without re-drying Seed. Thus, a 1 mM sodium azide treatment for 2 hours and re-drying may have approached the maximum allowable field retention for maintaining M_1 sufficient. The seeds treated with sodium azide for 8 hours were seeded immediately after washing, and the grown seedlings were air-fed to a California test site and transplanted for mutation studies. The indicators for determining the biological effects of sodium azide on rice were the germination rate, seedling height, seed fertility, chlorophyll deficient and survivable mutation in M_1 generation. In general, the germination rate and seedling height of M 1 tended to decrease with increasing sodium azide concentration and longer drying time after treatment. Sodium azide treatment also induced infertility, with highest seed infertility (62.2%) at the highest concentration (1.75 mM). The chlorophyll mutation induced by the same treatments accounted for 98.5% of M_1 spikelets and 14% of M_2 seedlings. Light green mutation occurs most frequently. The highest frequency of viable mutations identified at maturity was 4.64% in M 2 plants. All concentrations of sodium azide treatment have mutagenic effects. In the sodium azide-induced mutation spectrum, the occurrence frequency of the mutant type of middle-stalk and dwarf was higher than that of the early flowering mutation type. Experiments show that sodium azide is a useful mutagen in rice genetics and breeding practices.