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目的探讨哮喘发作期幼儿的肺功能特征及变应原检测结果。方法选择哮喘发作期的54例3-4岁幼儿(哮喘组)进行脉冲振荡肺功能检测,并与同龄健康幼儿30名作对照(对照组)。哮喘组加做支气管舒张试验及变应原皮内试验。结果与对照组相比,哮喘组患儿呼吸总阻抗(Zrs)、5Hz时的气道粘性阻力(R5)、周边气道阻力(Rp)和共振频率(Fres)明显增高,5Hz时的电抗值(X5)明显下降(P<0.01)。哮喘组行支气管舒张试验后,其呼吸阻力测定值较前明显好转,改善率>35%。Zrs、R5、Rp、Fres较舒张前明显下降,X5较舒张前明显上升(P<0.01)。哮喘组变应原检测的阳性率65%。其中,屋尘螨阳性率85.7%、粉尘螨阳性率74.2%、细链格孢霉阳性率42.8%。结论哮喘发作患儿存在呼吸阻力增高和可逆性气道阻塞。屋尘螨、粉尘螨、细链格孢霉是哮喘幼儿最常见的过敏原。
Objective To investigate the lung function and allergen test results of children with asthma attacks. Methods 54 cases of 3-4-year-old children (asthma group) with asthma attack were enrolled in this study. Their pulmonary function tests were compared with 30 healthy children of the same age (control group). Asthma group plus bronchodilator test and allergen intradermal test. Results Compared with the control group, the total respiratory impedance (Zrs), airway resistance (R5), peripheral airway resistance (Rp) and resonance frequency (Fres) were significantly increased in asthmatic children. (X5) decreased significantly (P <0.01). Asthma group bronchodilatation test, the measured values of respiratory resistance improved significantly compared with the previous improvement rate of> 35%. Zrs, R5, Rp, Fres decreased significantly before diastole, while X5 increased significantly compared with those before diastole (P <0.01). Allergen detection in asthma group, the positive rate of 65%. Among them, the positive rate of house dust mites 85.7%, dust mite positive rate of 74.2%, Alternaria Alternaria positive rate of 42.8%. Conclusion There is an increase of respiratory resistance and reversible airway obstruction in children with asthma attacks. House dust mites, dust mites, Alternaria are the most common allergens in children with asthma.