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储集层特征描述涉及定量确定、综合、归纳和分析地质、岩石物理、地震和工程资料。这是一件困难较大的工作。其基本目标之一是了解井间储层非均质性的空间变化特性。描述井间非均质特性的传统地质方法是采用手工或计算机绘制二维平面图和剖面图,应用三维解释分析技术能够显著改善结果。三维储集层特征描述需要输入的数据量与二维相同,费用相当并且通常比传统的二维方法更低。三维储集层特征描述产生三维储集层模型,表达三维储集层模型的手段是可视化技术,即将数字资料表示为图像。模拟区域内所有测井资料和岩心资料均综合到三维模型中,但是,采用彩色单元而非测井曲线道表示资料。三维储集层模型的统一性主要取决于地层框架。正确地解释地下储集层的地层框架是建立三维模型最困难的一步,同时也是最具创造性的一步,层序地层学和地震地层学解释为三维储集层模拟提供了最好的地层框架。本文的目的是讨论三维确定性储集层模拟过程和说明在三维模拟中应用层序地层框架的优点。文中引用来自西得克萨斯和新墨西哥州二叠盆地混合的碳酸盐岩和硅质碎屑沉积物的露头和地下例子,但其原理和技术能够适用于任何时代的储集层。三维储层模拟能够改善地质解释;提供综合地质、岩石物理、地球物理和工程资料的方法;并且在获得新资料后,立刻可以修改模式。这种三维储集层特征描述,能够改进储集层管理决策、资料质量控制、体积计算、数据模拟输入以及多学科之间的交流。
Reservoir characterization involves quantitatively identifying, synthesizing, summarizing, and analyzing geological, petrophysical, seismic and engineering data. This is a difficult job. One of its basic goals is to understand the spatial variability of reservoir heterogeneity. The traditional geologic method of describing crosswell heterogeneities is to draw two-dimensional plans and profiles manually or by computer, and the results can be significantly improved using 3D interpretation techniques. Three-dimensional reservoir characterization requires the same amount of data to be imported as two dimensions, at a comparable cost and generally lower than traditional two-dimensional methods. Three-dimensional reservoir characterization The three-dimensional reservoir model is generated. The means of expressing the three-dimensional reservoir model is the visualization technique that represents the digital data as an image. All log and core data in the simulation area are integrated into the 3D model, however, color data are used instead of well logs. The unity of the 3D reservoir model depends primarily on the formation framework. Correctly interpreting the stratigraphic framework of a subsurface reservoir is one of the most difficult and most creative steps in establishing a three-dimensional model, and sequence stratigraphy and seismic stratigraphic interpretation provide the best stratigraphic framework for 3D reservoir modeling. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the 3D deterministic reservoir simulation process and illustrate the advantages of using a sequence stratigraphic framework in 3D modeling. The paper cites outcrops and subsurface examples of mixed carbonate and siliceous clastic sediments from Permian basins in West Texas and New Mexico, but the principles and techniques are applicable to reservoirs of any age. Three-dimensional reservoir modeling can improve geological interpretation; provide methods for synthesizing geologic, petrophysical, geophysical, and engineering data; and once new material is available, the mode can be modified immediately. This three-dimensional reservoir characterization can improve reservoir management decisions, data quality control, volume calculations, data simulation inputs, and interdisciplinary exchanges.