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七十年代以后,许多科学家认为从放线菌中研究新抗生素已处于低潮状态,因为难以找到能与青霉素相媲美的产品。且1940年以来发现能水解青霉素和头孢菌素的β-内酰胺酶广泛分布于临床、土壤微生物、甚至藻类耐药菌的酶对青霉素化合物的钝化,迫使这两类高效、首选抗生素“贬值”。人们不得不指望半合成青霉素新品种,以便控制耐药菌的感染问题。日本开始以酶为对象,用β-内酰胺酶为指标,分离抗酶的物质。开始找到的是一种大分子的蛋白质,没有应用的可能性。1976年首先突破,从放线菌中发现诺卡菌素A。英、美各药厂实验室、院校研究所因此都竞相从各种微生物中寻找酶抑制剂。至今为止已发现的新型β-内酰胺类
After the 1970s, many scientists thought that it was already at a low ebb to study new antibiotics from actinomycetes because it was hard to find a product comparable to penicillin. Since 1940, it has been found that β-lactamases capable of hydrolyzing penicillins and cephalosporins are widely distributed in clinical, soil microorganisms, and even algae-resistant enzymes, which inactivate penicillin compounds, forcing the devaluation of these two types of highly effective and preferred antibiotics ". People have to count on semi-synthetic penicillin new varieties in order to control the infection of resistant bacteria. Japan began to enzyme as the object, with β-lactamase as an indicator, the separation of anti-enzyme substances. The beginning to find a macromolecular protein, there is no possibility of application. First breakthrough in 1976, Nocardiamin A was found in actinomycetes. British and American pharmaceutical laboratories, institutes are therefore competing from various microorganisms looking for enzyme inhibitors. New beta-lactams have so far been found