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纳米材料由于其独特的性质已经被广泛应用于很多领域,但随着纳米材料的大规模制备和广泛应用,它对环境以及人类的潜在危害越来越引起人们的重视.金属氧化物纳米颗粒(MONPs)作为一类纳米材料大量地用于食品、医药、化妆品、传感器等领域.因此,MONPs的生物毒性研究至关重要.本文主要对目前应用最为广泛的几种MONPs(纳米二氧化钛、氧化锌、氧化铁等)生物毒性的研究及其毒性机理做了总结.MONPs导致毒性的机制有两个方面:ROS介导的毒性和非ROS介导的毒性.ROS激活氧化应激,导致脂质过氧化,引起细胞膜损伤,此外,ROS可以激活caspase-9和caspase-3,触发凋亡通路.非ROS介导的毒性机制,包括MONPs释放的离子引起的毒性,纳米粒子在细胞表面的粘附以及与特定的死亡受体的相互作用.此外,由于当纳米材料处于一个复杂的体系中时,它自身的性质,包括尺寸、粒径、表面化学性质等都会发生变化,我们对一些MONPs的复合毒性也做了讨论.
Due to its unique properties, nanomaterials have been widely used in many fields, but with the large-scale preparation and extensive application of nanomaterials, more and more attention has been paid to the potential harm to the environment and human beings.Metal Oxide Nanoparticles MONPs as a kind of nanomaterials are widely used in food, medicine, cosmetics, sensors and other fields.Therefore, the biological toxicity study of MONPs is very important.In this paper, the most widely used MONPs (nano-TiO 2, zinc oxide, Iron oxide, etc.) and its toxicity mechanism are summarized.MONPs lead to toxicity of the mechanism has two aspects: ROS-mediated toxicity and non-ROS-mediated toxicity.ROS activation of oxidative stress, leading to lipid peroxidation , Causing cell membrane damage.In addition, ROS can activate caspase-9 and caspase-3, triggering apoptotic pathways.Non-ROS-mediated toxicity mechanisms, including toxicity caused by ions released by MONPs, adhesion of nanoparticles to the cell surface, Specific death receptors. In addition, since nanomaterials, when in a complex system, have their own properties, including size, particle size, surface characterization And other properties will change, we combined toxicity of some of the MONPs also were discussed.