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民族和民族主义始终是建构现代国家必须面对的政治问题。民族与民族主义像是双刃剑,既是一种有效的政治动员工具,同时也蕴含着政治分裂的因子。近代以来,民族与民族主义问题深嵌于构建现代中国的历史进程,并将继续深刻影响中国构建现代国家的各方面。在构建现代中国的进程中,民族与民族主义既是整合的动员力量,也是需要审慎面对的冲突之源。本文将以新疆为案例从“权力集中”和“权力渗透”两个面向展现1949年至1966年中国整合边境少数民族地区的历史故事,回顾具有社会革命经验的政权通过民族—阶级组合策略整合境内的少数民族地区的过程,讨论整合策略的结构特征。本文还试图揭示在社会主义运动背景下的现代国家构建中处理民族与民族主义的政治逻辑,并尝试探讨其历史合理性和调整的必然性。
Nationalism and nationalism have always been the political issues that must be faced in building a modern country. As a double-edged sword, both nationality and nationalism are not only effective tools for political mobilization, but also contain factors of political division. Since the modern era, the issue of nationalities and nationalism has been deeply embedded in the historical process of building modern China and will continue to profoundly affect all aspects of China’s efforts to build a modern nation. In the process of building a modern China, both nationalities and nationalism are both mobilizing forces for integration and sources of conflicts that need to be cautiously faced. This article will take Xinjiang as an example to show historical stories of China’s integration of ethnic minority areas from 1949 to 1966 from two perspectives of “power concentration” and “power penetration.” Reviewing the political experience of social revolution through ethnic-class The process of combining strategies to integrate ethnic minority areas in the country and discussing the structural features of the integration strategy. This article also attempts to reveal the political logic of dealing with nationality and nationalism in the construction of modern state under the background of socialist movement, and tries to explore its historical rationality and necessity of adjustment.