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云麦52系1992年用6AL/6VS易位系92R149作抗病亲本,2001年育成、2007年审定并推广应用的小麦品种,目前仍高抗条锈病、对白粉病表现免疫。为了解其抗病基因,以云麦52为父本与感条锈病和白粉病的小麦不育系K78S杂交构建了F2群体,对双亲、杂种F1和F2群体的抗性进行鉴定。结果表明,杂种F1对条锈病和白粉病均表现免疫,F2群体的白粉病和条锈病抗、感分离比经卡方测验均符合3∶1,表明云麦52携带1个条锈病显性抗性基因和1个白粉病显性抗性基因。进一步用白粉病抗性基因Pm21的共分离标记SCAR1400和与条锈病抗病基因Yr26紧密连锁的标记XWe173和Xbarc181检测,亲本间和抗、感基因池间在相同位点上都扩增出多态性条带,用已知表型单株验证,表型与基因型极显著相关,SCAR1400、XWe173和Xbarc181检测准确率分别为100%、97.91%和92.70%,因此,云麦52的抗白粉病基因为Pm21,抗条锈病基因为Yr26,均来自于6AL/6VS易位系92R149。此外,该研究结果也证明Pm21和Yr26是具有持久抗性的抗病基因,在云南历经22年仍高抗条锈病,对白粉病免疫。
Yunmai 52 lines in 1992 with 6AL / 6VS 92R149 translocation line as the resistant parent, bred in 2001, 2007 validation and promotion of wheat varieties are still high resistance to stripe rust, the performance of powdery mildew immunity. In order to understand their resistance genes, F2 population was crossed with K385, a wheat male sterile line susceptible to stripe rust and powdery mildew, with Yunmai 52 as male parent. The resistances of parents, F1 and F2 populations were identified. The results showed that the hybrid F1 showed immunity against stripe rust and powdery mildew, and the resistance and susceptibility of powdery mildew and stripe rust in F2 population were all 3: 1 compared with the chi-square test, indicating that Yunmai 52 carried 1 stripe rust dominant resistance Sex gene and one powdery mildew dominant resistance gene. Furthermore, we detected the co-segregation markers SCAR1400 of Pm21 and the markers XWe173 and Xbarc181 closely linked to the stripe rust resistance gene Yr26, and amplified polymorphisms at the same locus between parents and anti-sense genes The results showed that the phenotypic and genotypes were significantly correlated with genotypes. The detection accuracy of SCAR1400, XWe173 and Xbarc181 were 100%, 97.91% and 92.70%, respectively. Therefore, the resistance of Yunmai 52 to powdery mildew The gene is Pm21 and the stripe rust resistance gene is Yr26, all from the 6AL / 6VS translocation line 92R149. In addition, the results of this study also proved that Pm21 and Yr26 are long-lasting resistance disease-resistant genes that are still resistant to stripe rust in Yunnan for 22 years and are resistant to powdery mildew.