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目的对甘肃省30个棘球蚴病防治县进行群众防治知识调查,了解开展健康教育的效果。方法将42个未开展棘球蚴病防治县作为对照县,在30个调查县和42个对照县按分层随机抽样方法抽定16个行政村。在每村随机选取20位居民进行棘球蚴病防治基础知识、健康行为问卷调查。同时在全县随机抽取4所学校,对四年级及以上的所有学生进行棘球蚴病防治知识和行为知晓情况调查。按户调查饮用水源、牲畜屠宰、养犬情况。结果 30个调查县和42个对照县学生棘球蚴病防治知识、不玩狗及不用病变脏器的行为正确率分别为65.16%、51.69%;47.71%、44.97%;54.52%、46.43%。居民以上问题的回答正确率分别为54.15%、35.90%;64.51%、46.58%;39.91%、36.15%。调查县学生和居民各项问题回答正确率均高于对照县,差异有统计学意义。但30个调查县学生和居民洗手行为正确率低于42个对照县。30个调查县清洁水源普及率不高(62.92%),牲畜自宰普遍(40.79%)、家犬数量大(39万余条)。结论 30个棘球蚴病防治县的健康教育工作虽取得了一定的效果,但在棘球蚴病流行的危险因素仍然存在情况。加强对学生进行不玩狗的教育,对居民进行不用病变脏器喂犬的宣传仍然是今后开展健康教育工作的重点。
Objective To investigate the population prevention and control knowledge of 30 hydatid disease prevention and control counties in Gansu Province and to understand the effect of health education. Methods Forty-two echinococcosis control counties were selected as control counties, and 16 administrative villages were selected by stratified random sampling in 30 survey counties and 42 reference counties. In each village randomly selected 20 residents of echinococcosis prevention and control of basic knowledge, health behavior questionnaire. At the same time in the county randomly selected 4 schools, fourth grade and above all students echinococcosis prevention and control knowledge and behavior awareness survey. Household survey drinking water sources, livestock slaughtering, dogging situation. Results The correct rates of knowledge about prevention and treatment of echinococcosis in 30 investigated counties and 42 control counties were 65.16%, 51.69%, 47.71%, 44.97%, 54.52% and 46.43% respectively. Residents answered the above questions correct rates were 54.15%, 35.90%; 64.51%, 46.58%; 39.91%, 36.15%. The correct rate of answering the questions of students and residents in the survey counties was higher than that of the control counties, the difference was statistically significant. However, the correct rate of hand washing behavior among students and residents in 30 survey counties was lower than that of 42 control counties. The prevalence of clean water in the 30 counties was low (62.92%), livestock self-slaughter was widespread (40.79%) and the number of domestic dogs was large (39,000). Conclusion Although the health education of 30 hydatid disease prevention and control counties has achieved certain results, the risk factors of hydatid disease prevalence still exist. Strengthening education for students not playing dogs, and propagating the disease to dogs and dogs for residents are still the focus of health education in the future.