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由国家经贸委和外国专家局组织并委托中国企业管理培训中心举办的第33期经济管理高级研讨班,即“中国省市经委主任宏观经济管理培训考察团”一行24人,于1993年7月20日至8月11日,赴美国洛杉矶、华盛顿、纽约和旧金山等地区进行了为期三周的培训考察。现将考察情况报告如下: 一、美国市场经济中政府的宏观调控 (一)美国的三级政府体制:联邦、州和地方政府的经济管理责任明确界定。 美国政府机构在市场经济运行中的职能特征,是联邦制度下的三级政府分权体制,各级政府管理经济的功能各有侧重,以避免职责模糊或重叠,便于协调发展。据介绍联邦政府的作用是:(1)加强市场的健全与发展;(2)维护自由竞争的环境;(3)建立稳定的金融货币体制;(4)在联邦体制下实行分权管理,充分发挥各州和地方政府的作用;(5)提供全社会福利制度的网络;(6)用经济调节促进经济增长;(7)以充分就业和无通胀的增长为奋斗目标。
The 33rd Senior Economic Management Seminar organized by the State Economic and Trade Commission and the Foreign Experts Bureau and entrusted by the China Enterprise Management Training Center, 24 people from the “Macroeconomic Management Training Delegation of the Director of the Chinese Provincial and Municipal Economic Commissions”, in July 1993. From the 20th to the August 11th, they went to Los Angeles, Washington, New York and San Francisco for a three-week training visit. The investigation report is as follows: I. The government’s macroeconomic regulation and control in the market economy of the United States (I) The three-tier government system in the United States: The economic management responsibilities of the federal, state, and local governments are clearly defined. The functional characteristics of U.S. government agencies in the operation of a market economy are the three-tiered government decentralization system under the federal system. The functions of the governments at all levels in managing the economy have their own priorities, so as to avoid ambiguity or overlap of duties and to facilitate coordinated development. According to the briefing, the role of the federal government is: (1) to strengthen the soundness and development of the market; (2) to maintain a free and competitive environment; (3) to establish a stable financial and monetary system; (4) to implement decentralized management under the federal system; Give play to the role of states and local governments; (5) Provide a network of social welfare systems; (6) Use economic adjustment to promote economic growth; (7) Strive for growth with full employment and no inflation.