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对颅侧尿崩症多年来的标准治疗方法是注射垂体后叶素鞣酸油剂或鼻吸垂体后叶粉。垂体后叶素系不纯制品,除赖氨酸及精氨酸血管加压素外,含有几个肽类,包含催产素,神经垂体素,泌乳素和类皮质素的肽。但病人用垂体后叶素后常产生对神经垂体素的高价抗体,此种制剂难予制备和注射时感觉痛苦,鼻吸入会导致鼻炎和过敏性肺部病变。垂体后叶素鞣酸油剂淘汰后,第一个广泛应用于治疗尿崩症的合成制剂是赖氨酸血管加压素,由喷雾鼻吸,但效果持续仅3～4小时,对重症无效。最近,合成的相似物DDAVP(1-去氨基-8D-精氨酸血管加压素)在治疗上引起了革命性的变化。DDAVP与人类抗利尿激素相比有二个结构上的变化:在位置1半胱氨酸上缺少氨基,在位置8上,由D-精氨酸
The standard treatment of cranial diabetes insipidus for many years is the injection of pituitrin tannin oil or nasal pituitary powder. Pituitary factors are impure preparations containing, in addition to lysine and arginine vasopressin, several peptides, including oxytocin, neurophysin, prolactin and corticoids. However, patients often produce pituitary hormone pituitrin after high-priced antibodies, such preparations difficult to prepare and feel pain when injected, nasal inhalation can lead to rhinitis and allergic lung disease. After the elimination of pituitrin tannin oil, the first synthetic agent widely used in the treatment of diabetes insipidus was lysine vasopressin, inhaled by the spray nasal inhalation, but the effect lasted only 3 to 4 hours, and was ineffective in severe cases. Recently, the synthetic analogue DDAVP (1-deamino-8D-arginine vasopressin) has revolutionized the treatment. DDAVP has two structural changes compared to human vasopressin: a lack of amino at cysteine at position 1, D-arginine at position 8,