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促红细胞生成素(EPO)及其受体在人脑及动物脑中广泛存在。脑损伤后EPOmRNA表达增多,EPO生成增加并具有内源性保护作用,外源性EPO可使其保护作用加强。目前大量的体外细胞培养及动物实验证明,EPO对缺氧缺血性脑损伤、蛛网膜下腔出血、自体免疫性脑脊髓膜炎、癫癫癎等脑损伤有保护及治疗作用。其作用机制可能是直接抗氧化、抗细胞凋亡、调节NO的合成、减少谷氨酸产生、减轻炎症反应、调节大脑血管收缩及调节基因表达等。重组EPO很有希望成为治疗脑损伤的一种新药。
Erythropoietin (EPO) and its receptors are widely present in the brains of humans and animals. EPO mRNA expression increased after brain injury, EPO production increased and endogenous protective effect, exogenous EPO can enhance its protective effect. At present a large number of in vitro cell culture and animal experiments show that EPO has protective and therapeutic effects on brain injury such as hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, autoimmune meningitis and epilepsy. Its mechanism may be direct anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, regulating NO synthesis, reducing glutamate production, reducing inflammation, regulating cerebral vasoconstriction and regulating gene expression. Recombinant EPO is promising as a new drug to treat brain damage.