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采用田间试验研究了留茬少耕秸秆全程覆盖、免耕补充灌溉和传统保墒耕作 3种方法对旱地土壤水分及小麦产量的影响。结果表明 ,留茬少耕秸秆覆盖增加了夏闲期农田的蓄水量 ,为旱地小麦播种出苗提供了水分保证。小麦收获时的土壤水分含量 ,0～ 60 cm的土壤有效蓄水量传统保墒方法为 6.4mm,免耕补充灌水的为 6.7mm,留茬少耕秸秆全程覆盖方法为 1 5 .3 mm,留茬少耕秸秆全程覆盖方法的蓄水量多 ;60～ 1 0 0 cm的土壤有效蓄水量传统保墒方法为 3 0 .9mm,免耕补充灌水为 2 0 .3 mm,留茬少耕秸秆全程覆盖方法为 3 3 .5 mm,也是留茬少耕秸秆全程覆盖方法的蓄水量多。留茬少耕秸秆全程覆盖比传统耕作保墒技术增产 6.7%～ 5 4.8%。留茬少耕秸秆覆盖技术 ,提高了小麦播种时的底墒、灌浆时的土壤水含量 ,是一种有效的蓄水保墒、提高旱地小麦产量的方法
Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of stubble and less-tillage straw cover, no-tillage supplemental irrigation and traditional soil conservation tillage on soil moisture and wheat yield in dry land. The results showed that stubble and tillage with straw mulching increased storage capacity of farmland in summer and summer and provided moisture guarantee for sowing and germination of dryland wheat. Soil water content at harvest, available soil moisture at 0 ~ 60 cm, traditional soil moisture conservation method was 6.4 mm, no-tillage irrigation was 6.7 mm, stubble less tillage straw covering the entire process was 15.3 mm, leaving The total water storage capacity of the method of covering less tillage straw was more. The effective soil water holding capacity of 60 ~ 100 cm was 3.90 mm, that of no-tillage was 20.3 mm, and that of stubble less tillage straw The whole coverage method is 3 3 .5 mm, which is also a method of storing stubble and reducing the total storage capacity of straw. Stubble less tillage straw covering the entire process than the traditional farming moisture conservation technology yield 6.7% ~ 5 4.8%. Stubble and tillage with less straw mulching technology to improve the sowing soil moisture at planting, soil water content during grouting, is an effective method of water storage, soil moisture and improve wheat yield in dry land