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不同学术领域的研究者从诸多角度给“话语”下定义。本文将这些定义加以评析和归类,认为“话语”至少可以从四个角度来界定,即:结构/语法角度、功能/语义学角度、社会语言学/语用学角度和社会政治/意识形态角度。其中,批评话语学派从社会政治/意识形态角度对“话语”的界定是本文讨论的重点。该话语观对我国话语分析和语言研究工作有重要的借鉴价值和理论指导意义,同时也对当代中国话语分析研究中正在萌发的文化转向有深刻的启发意义和促进作用。
Researchers in different academic fields define “discourse ” from many angles. This paper analyzes and classifies these definitions, and holds that “discourse ” can be defined from at least four angles: structure / grammar, function / semantics, sociolinguistics / pragmatics and social politics / Ideological point of view. Among them, the critical discourse school from the perspective of social politics / ideology “discourse ” definition is the focus of this article. This view of discourse has important reference value and theoretical guidance for discourse analysis and language research in our country. It also has profound enlightenment and promotion for the cultural shift that is emerging in the contemporary Chinese discourse analysis and research.