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分子生物学对放射生物学的很多方面有着决定性的影响。细胞中DNA大分子辐射损伤的研究导致辐射作用于细胞的主要靶子的确立。细菌及噬菌体遗传学的发展使人们对微生物以及近年来对高等生物的DNA修复机制有所了解,这一点也使人们注意到几种对辐射敏
Molecular biology has a decisive influence on many aspects of radiobiology. Studies of radiation damage to DNA macromolecules in cells have led to the establishment of major targets of radiation acting on cells. The development of bacteria and bacteriophage genetics has given people an understanding of the microbes and the DNA repair mechanisms of higher organisms in recent years. This has also given rise to several observations about radiation sensitivity.