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道德主体问题在近年来成为伦理学界论争的热点之一。有关道德主体的论争,大略都集中在道德生活中的主体地位及主体作用这两个方面。然而人们若不能真正了解在人类社会生活中的道德主体究竟是个什么样的主体,即不能全面准确地认识和把握道德主体的基本特征和类分,也就不可能真正弄明白主体在道德生活中的地位和作用。所以,本文侧重道德主体的基本特征及类分的论述,或许还能有益于澄清在道德主体问题论争中的某些是是非非。 一 道德主体是人,关于这一点对大多数的伦理思想家及工作者而言,应该说已经是一个无须赘言的共识。然而,作为一个道德主体的“人”,究竟是一个抽象的主体,还是现实的主体,以及人作为道德主体的特殊内涵应该是什么?对于这一更深层的问题的认识,则各
In recent years, the issue of moral subject has become one of the hot topics in the ethics debate. The controversy over the moral subject generally concentrates on both the subject status and the subject role in moral life. However, if people can not really understand what kind of subject is the moral subject in human social life, that is, they can not fully understand and grasp the basic characteristics and classifications of moral subject, it is impossible to really understand the subject in the moral life The status and role. Therefore, this article focuses on the basic characteristics of moral subjects and classifications of discourse, may also be helpful to clarify some of the controversy in the moral subject issues are right and wrong. A moral subject is a human being. To most ethic thinkers and workers, this should be said to be an unnecessary consensus. However, what should be the “human” as a moral subject, whether it be an abstract subject or a realistic subject and the special connotation of human beings as the moral subject? For this deeper understanding,